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Hindu Sunrise and Hindu Sunset are not observational and should not be matched with those published in various newspapers. Most newspapers publish Astronomical value of sunrise and sunset. DrikPanchang shows both values side-by-side to clear the difference between Hindu and Astronomical timings of sunrise and sunset.
Astronomical sunrise is defined as time of first appearance of the upper limb of the Sun. The sunset is the moment of disappearance of the upper limb of the Sun. The definition of 'limb' is - "the edge of the disc of a celestial object, esp. of the sun and moon". Hence all daily newspapers give sunrise timings when the edge of the disk i.e. upper limb is just visible above eastern horizon. Similarly, newspapers give sunset timings when the Sun completely disappears at horizon.
For Astrological calculations, like DrikPanchng.com calculations, Astronomical timings of sunrise and sunset cannot be used. For religious and astrology purpose the time when the middle of the Sun's disk rises above eastern horizon is used for the sunrise. All festival determinations are done based on Madhyalimb Darshan when middle of the disk becomes visible at eastern horizon.
Further, for calculating timings of Hindu sunrise and sunset, the refraction is ignored. Due to refraction the Sun becomes visible even when it is below eastern horizon. Hindu sunrise and sunset are geometric i.e. centre of the Earth and the Sun should align to horizon.
Hindu Sunrise = Astronomical Sunrise + Time taken by the Sun to rise half of its diameter + Time taken by the Sun to rise further to neutralize refraction effect
Similarly, Hindu Sunset = Astronomical Sunset - Time taken by the Sun to set half of its diameter - Time taken by the Sun to set further to neutralize refraction effect
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