
Notes: All timings are represented in 12-hour notation in local time of New Delhi, India with DST adjustment (if applicable).
Hours which are past midnight are suffixed with next day date. In Panchang day starts and ends with sunrise.
According to the Hindu Panchang, the Dwadashi Tithi of Shukla Paksha in the Phalguna month is celebrated as Narasimha Dwadashi. Among the Dashavatara, i.e., ten principal incarnations of Lord Vishnu, Lord Narasimha is regarded as His fourth incarnation. On this day, devotees worship Lord Vishnu in His fierce yet protective Narasimha form with great devotion. As per belief, Lord Narasimha destroys the enemies of His devotees and protects them from all kinds of dangers and calamities.
However, according to descriptions found in the Narada Purana and Bhavishya Purana, Lord Govinda should be worshipped on the occasion of Phalguna Shukla Dwadashi. The word Go denotes cow or earth and Vinda means protector. Thus, Govinda literally means "Protector of the cows and the Earth." Among the many sweet and divine names of Lord Vishnu and Lord Krishna, Govinda is one of the most beloved. Therefore, this Dwadashi is also known as Govinda Dwadashi.
The Bhavishya Purana also mentions two other fasts observed on Phalguna Dwadashi, the Sukrita Dwadashi Vrat and the Manoratha Dwadashi Vrat. The observance of these fasts begins from Phalguna Shukla Ekadashi and continues with a Parana every four months.
As described in the Narada Purana, one should observe a fast on Phalguna Shukla Dwadashi and worship the Lord with the Govindaya Namastubhyam। (गोविन्दाय नमस्तुभ्यम्।) Mantra. After the worship, perform a Havan with 108 oblations using Ghee mixed with sesame seeds and then perform the Abhisheka of Lord Govinda with one seer of milk in a state of purity and devotion. Devotees should remain awake throughout the night and worship Lord Govinda three times offering flowers, incense and prayers with full faith.
In the morning, after completing daily rituals, worship Lord Govinda once again. Upon completion of the worship, offer one Adhaka (four Seers) of paddy along with garments and Dakshina to a Brahmin while chanting the following Mantra -
नमो गोविन्द सर्वेश गोपिकाजनवल्लभ।
अनेन धान्यदानेन प्रीतो भव जगद्गुरो॥
Namo Govinda Sarvesha Gopikajanavallabha।
Anena Dhanyadanena Prito Bhava Jagadguro॥
Meaning - "O Lord Govinda, Supreme Lord of all, beloved of the Gopis and Preceptor of the entire universe! May You be pleased with me through this humble offering of grain."
By observing this vow on Phalguna Shukla Dwadashi with the above procedure and devotion, one becomes free from all sins and attains the complete merit equivalent to performing a great sacrifice, i.e., Mahan Yajna.