

Notes: All timings are represented in 12-hour notation in local time of Lancaster, United States with DST adjustment (if applicable).
Hours which are past midnight are suffixed with next day date. In Panchang day starts and ends with sunrise.
Karka Sankranti marks the southern journey of Lord Surya. Dakshinayana, which is a period of six months, starts with Karka Sankranti. Karka Sankranti is the counterpart of Makar Sankranti and it is considered significant for charitable and religious activities. Karka Sankranti is also known as Shravana Sankranti. The Dharmashastras state that charity, Japa, and ritual bathing performed on the day of Sankranti yield imperishable merit. With Karka Sankranti, Lord Surya enters a water-element-dominant Rashi; therefore, it is also considered the beginning of the rainy season.
Karka Sankranti is a highly significant astronomical event, and on this day Surya Narayana begins His movement from Uttarayana towards Dakshinayana. Consequently, the Surya begins to incline towards the southern direction after crossing the Karka Rekha, i.e., Tropic of Cancer. This day marks the beginning of Dakshinayana. For this reason, it is also known as Dakshinayana Sankranti. Dakshinayana is considered especially favorable for Pitru-related rites. Karka Sankranti is also regarded as a sign of the arrival of the Varsha Ritu, i.e., rainy season. From this day onward, the night of the Devas begins, and Chaturmas or Chaumasa also commences with Karka Sankranti.
On Karka Sankranti, the period of up to 30 Ghati before the exact moment of Sankranti is considered most auspicious for performing religious activities and rituals related to Karka Sankranti. If the duration of 1 Ghati is considered to be 24 minutes, then the duration of 30 Ghati is approximately 12 hours in the Indian geographical context. This period of 30 Ghati is known as Punyakala.
Various activities performed on the occasion of Sankranti, such as taking a sacred bath, offering Naivedya to Lord Surya, giving charity and Dakshina, performing Shraddha rites, and breaking a Vrat, should all be performed during Punyakala. On Karka Sankranti, donating sesame seeds, jaggery, clothes, food grains, umbrellas, Dakshina, as well as arranging a meal for Brahmins, is considered highly meritorious.
During Dakshinayana, devotees worship Lord Vishnu throughout the Chaturmasa period to seek His blessings. Those who wish to perform Pitru Tarpana for their ancestors may do so on the occasion of Karka Sankranti. The primary purpose of worship and fasting on Karka Sankranti is to attain freedom from all negative energies in life. On Karka Sankranti, Lord Vishnu is worshipped in His Varaha Swami form. Chaturmas, which extends from the month of Shravana to Kartika, falls during Dakshinayana. Chaturmas is a period marked by numerous festivals. During this time, Lord Vishnu is worshipped with devotion.